Terms and Conditions
In using this website you are deemed to have read and agreed to the following terms and conditions:
The following terminology applies to these Terms and Conditions, Privacy Statement and Disclaimer Notice and any or all Agreements: “Client”, “You” and “Your” refers to you, the person accessing this website and accepting the Company’s terms and conditions. “The Company”, “Ourselves”, “We” and “Us”, refers to our Company, YPUN LTD. “Party”, “Parties”, or “Us”, refers to both the Client and ourselves, or either the Client or ourselves. All terms refer to the offer, acceptance and consideration of payment necessary to undertake the process of our assistance to the Client in the most appropriate manner, whether by formal meetings of a fixed duration, or any other means, for the express purpose of meeting the Client’s needs in respect of provision of the Company’s stated services/products, in accordance with and subject to, prevailing English Law. Any use of the above terminology or other words in the singular, plural, capitalisation and/or he/she or they, are taken as interchangeable and therefore as referring to same.
Privacy Statement
We are committed to protecting your privacy. Authorized employees within the company on a need to know basis only use any information collected from individual customers. We constantly review our systems and data to ensure the best possible service to our customers. Parliament has created specific offences for unauthorised actions against computer systems and data. We will investigate any such actions with a view to prosecuting and/or taking civil proceedings to recover damages against those responsible.
Privacy Policy
Information we may collect from you
We may collect and process the following data about you:
- Information that you provide by filling in forms on our site www.ypun.org (our site). This includes information provided at the time of registering to use our site, subscribing to our service, posting material or requesting further services. We may also ask you for information when you report a problem with our site.
- If you contact us, whether by email, telephone, facsimile or post, we may keep a record of that correspondence.
- We may also ask you to complete surveys that we use for research purposes, although you do not have to respond to them.
- Details of transactions you carry out through our site and of the fulfilment of your orders.
- Details of your visits to our site including, but not limited to, traffic data, location data, weblogs and other communication data, whether this is required for our own billing purposes or otherwise and the resources that you access.
Cookies
Our website uses cookies to distinguish you from other users of our website. This helps us to provide you with a good experience when you browse our website and also allows us to improve our site. The cookies we use are “analytical” cookies. They allow us to recognise and count the number of visitors and to see how visitors move around the site when they are using it. This helps us to improve the way our website works, for example, by ensuring that users are finding what they are looking for easily. We may collect information about your computer, including where available your IP address, operating system and browser type, for system administration and for aggregate marketing reporting purposes. This is statistical data about our users’ browsing actions and patterns, and does not identify any individual.
Where we store your personal data
The data that we collect from you may be transferred to, and stored at, a destination outside the European Economic Area (“EEA”). It may also be processed by staff operating outside the EEA who work for us or for one of our suppliers. Such staff maybe engaged in, among other things, the fulfilment of your order, the processing of your payment details and the provision of support services. By submitting your personal data, you agree to this transfer, storing or processing. We will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that your data is treated securely and in accordance with this privacy policy.
When using our site to carry out transactions which involve the use of a credit or a debit card (and only then), all information you provide to us is stored on our secure servers. Any payment transactions will be encrypted using SSL technology. Where we have given you (or where you have chosen) a password which enables you to access certain parts of our site, you are responsible for keeping this password confidential. We ask you not to share a password with anyone.
Unfortunately, the transmission of information via the internet is not completely secure. Although we will do our best to protect your personal data, we cannot guarantee the security of your data transmitted to our site; any transmission is at your own risk. Once we have received your information, we will use strict procedures and security features to try to prevent unauthorised access.
Uses made of the information
We use information held about you in the following ways:
- To ensure that content from our site is presented in the most effective manner for you and for your computer.
- To provide you with information, products or services that you request from us or which we feel may interest you, where you have consented to be contacted for such purposes.
- To carry out our obligations arising from any contracts entered into between you and us.
- To allow you to participate in interactive features of our service, when you choose to do so. To notify you about changes to our service.
We may also use your data, or permit selected third parties to use your data, to provide you with information about goods and services which may be of interest to you and we or they may contact you about these by email, post or telephone. If you do not want us to use your data in this way, or to pass your details on to third parties for marketing purposes, please notify us by writing to [email protected]
Disclosure of your information
We may disclose your personal information to third parties:
- In the event that we sell or buy any business or assets, in which case we may disclose your personal data to the prospective seller or buyer of such business or assets.
- If we or substantially all of its assets are acquired by a third party, in which case personal data held by it about its customers will be one of the transferred assets.
- If we are under a duty to disclose or share your personal data in order to comply with any legal obligation, or in order to enforce or apply our Terms of use and other agreements; or to protect the rights, property, or safety of us, our customers, or others. This includes exchanging information with other companies and organisations for the purposes of fraud protection and credit risk reduction.
Your rights
You have the right to ask us not to process your personal data for marketing purposes. We will sometimes inform you (before collecting your data) if we intend to use your data for such purposes or if we intend to disclose your information to any third party for such purposes. You can exercise your right to prevent such processing by checking certain boxes on the forms we use to collect your data, when available. You can also exercise the right at any time by contacting us at [email protected]
Our site may, from time to time, contain links to and from the websites of our partner networks, advertisers and affiliates. If you follow a link to any of these websites, please note that these websites have their own privacy policies and that we do not accept any responsibility or liability for these policies. Please check these policies before you submit any personal data to these websites.
Access to information
The Act gives you the right to access information held about you. Your right of access can be exercised in accordance with the Act. Any access request may be subject to a fee of 10 GBP to meet our costs in providing you with details of the information we hold about you.
Exclusions and Limitations
The information on this web site is provided on an “as is” basis. To the fullest extent permitted by law, this Company:
- excludes all representations and warranties relating to this website and its contents or which is or may be provided by any affiliates or any other third party, including in relation to any inaccuracies or omissions in this website and/or the Company’s literature; and
- excludes all liability for damages arising out of or in connection with your use of this website. This includes, without limitation, direct loss, loss of business or profits (whether or not the loss of such profits was foreseeable, arose in the normal course of things or you have advised this Company of the possibility of such potential loss), damage caused to your computer, computer software, systems and programs and the data thereon or any other direct or indirect, consequential and incidental damages.
This Company does not however exclude liability for death or personal injury caused by its negligence. The above exclusions and limitations apply only to the extent permitted by law. None of your statutory rights as a consumer are affected.
Payment
We offer our customers a secure and convenient method for making payments online using PayPal. The PayPal system uses industry-leading security measures to ensure that your financial information is kept private.
After you select your products and click on the “Buy now” button, you will complete your payment and shipping details on the PayPal website. Once PayPal clears your payment, we will send you an email confirming your purchase.
Please note that you DO NOT need a PayPal account to use our web shop. You may pay with your VISA, MasterCard, or American Express card. Of course, if you have a registered PayPal account you may choose this for the purchase method without typing your credit card information. Signing up for a PayPal account is optional, however, which means that you can complete your payment first, and then decide whether you want to save your information in a PayPal account for future purchases.
One advantage of using the PayPal system is that refunds are processed instantly. If the PayPal payment was funded by a credit card, the money will be credited back to your card and, depending on the card issuer, may take up to four days before showing on your credit card statement. Refunds for transactions that were funded by bank account or PayPal balance are credited instantly to the customer’s PayPal account.
Additional information about the PayPal payment system may be found on the PayPal website.
Materials and service delivery: UN YPP Service
After making the purchase, the Client receives online access to materials and ability to have purchased services provided by the Company.
All materials and services included in the package are available in English only.
Materials access
The access to materials is granted for the period from the date of purchase till 31 May of the year closest to the date of purchase. After that date the purchased package is considered as expired and the access to materials is no longer provided.
Copyright
Copyright and other relevant intellectual property rights exists on all materials provided as a part of the UN YPP service (including, but not limited to all text and artwork) is protected by copyright. The copyright is owned by us or if not otherwise stated.
You may view or download the UN YPP Service materials for private purposes, but you are not permitted, without our permission, to: store the UN YPP Service materials, or any part of the UN YPP Service materials, for any other purpose, print copies of the UN YPP Service materials, or any part of the UN YPP Service materials, for any other purpose, distribute, reproduce, copy or transmit the UN YPP Service materials, or any part of the UN YPP Service materials, in any way, for any other purpose or in any other medium.
All other rights which are not specifically granted are reserved.
The Company reserves the right to revoke the Client’s access to UN YPP Service materials, without prior notice, of any Client disregarding the copyright terms and to take appropriate legal action. In this case the Client will not have the right for a refund.
Confidentiality
The Client is not allowed to record (full or any part of) screen, video or audio activity during the “Individual Expert Consultation” service delivery (included as a part of the following UN YPP Service packages: “All inclusive” (Dominating), “Written exam preparation” (Dominating)) or “Mock Interview and feedback” service delivery (included as a part of the following UN YPP Service packages: “All inclusive” (Standard, Advance, Dominating), “Interview preparation” (Standard, Advance, Dominating)).
The Company reserves the right to revoke the Client’s access to UN YPP Service materials, without prior notice, of any Client disregarding the confidentiality terms and to take appropriate legal action. In this case the Client will not have the right for a refund.
Notification of service delivery inquiry
It is the Client’s responsibility to notify the Company about the service delivery inquiry and about the preferred date and time for the “Mock interview and feedback” service (included as a part of the following UN YPP Service packages: “All inclusive” (Standard, Advance, Dominating), “Interview preparation” (Standard, Advance, Dominating)) and the preferred date and time of the “Individual Expert Consultation” service (included as a part of the following UN YPP Service packages: “All inclusive” (Dominating), “Written exam preparation” (Dominating)). The notification should be made by sending an e-mail to [email protected].
In case no notification about the about the preferred date and time for the “Mock interview and feedback” service is received from the Client within 30 calendar days after making the purchase (for “Interview preparation” (Standard, Advance, Dominating) packages) or before 30 June of the year closest to the date of package purchase (for “All inclusive” (Standard, Advance, Dominating) packages), the purchased package is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
In case no notification about the about the preferred date and time for the “Individual Expert Consultation” service is received from the Client within 90 calendar days after making the purchase (for “Written exam preparation” (Dominating) package) or before 31 December of the year of package purchase (for “All inclusive” (Dominating) packages), the package is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
Cancellation and amendment
The date and time for the “Mock interview and feedback” service (included as a part of the following UN YPP Service packages: “All inclusive” (Standard, Advance, Dominating), “Interview preparation” (Standard, Advance, Dominating)) should be agreed and confirmed at least 3 working days before the “Mock interview and feedback” service takes place. Cancellation or amendment of the “Mock interview and feedback” service must be made at least 48 hours prior to the “Mock interview and feedback” service agreed start date and time. Cancellation or amendment made within 48 hours prior to the “Mock interview and feedback” service will incur a cancellation fee of USD 20.00 to be paid before scheduling the new date and time for the “Mock interview and feedback” service. In case the Client does not show-up for the “Mock interview and feedback” service at the agreed date and time, the “Mock interview and feedback” service is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
The date and time for the “Individual Expert Consultation” service (included as a part of the following UN YPP Service packages: “All inclusive” (Dominating), “Written exam preparation” (Dominating)) should be agreed and confirmed at least 3 working days before the “Individual Expert Consultation” service takes place. Cancellation or amendment of the “Individual Expert Consultation” service must be made at least 48 hours prior to the “Individual Expert Consultation” service agreed start date and time. Cancellation or amendment made within 48 hours prior to the “Individual Expert Consultation” service will incur a cancellation fee of USD 20.00 to be paid before scheduling the new date and time for the“Individual Expert Consultation” service. In case the Client does not show-up for the “Individual Expert Consultation” service at the agreed date and time, the “Individual Expert Consultation” service is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
Provision of documents for service delivery
It is the Client’s responsibility to provide the documents needed for the Company’s service delivery. In particular, for “Application and cover letter review and feedback” service (included as a part of the “All inclusive” (Standard, Advance, Dominating) and “PHP (CV) application” (Standard, Advance, Dominating) packages), the Client is responsible for providing the Personal History Profile (PHP) form in the form of PDF document via uploading it in the “My Account” section of this website. In case the PHP form is not uploaded by the Client before 31 August of the year closest to the date of package purchase, the purchased package is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
In particular, for “Long question (essay) practice, review and feedback” service (included as a part of the relevant “All inclusive” and “PHP (CV) application” packages), the Client is responsible for providing the essay material via uploading it in the “My Account” section of this website. In case the essay material is not uploaded by the Client before 31 December of the year of package purchase, the purchased package is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
Materials and service delivery: Career Consultation Service
Notification of service delivery inquiry
It is the Client’s responsibility to notify the Company about the service delivery inquiry and about the preferred date and time for the Career Consultation service. The notification should be made by sending an e-mail to [email protected].
In case no notification about the about the preferred date and time for the Career Consultation service is received from the Client within 30 calendar days after making the purchase, the service is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
Cancellation and amendment
The Career Consultation service date and time should be agreed and confirmed at least 3 working days before the consultation takes place. Cancellation or amendment of the Career Consultation service must be made at least 48 hours prior to the Career Consultation service agreed start date and time. Cancellation or amendment made within 48 hours prior to the Career Consultation service will incur a cancellation fee of USD 20.00 to be paid before scheduling the new date and time for the Career Consultation service.
In case the Client does not show-up for the Career Consultation service at the agreed date and time, the Career Consultation Service service is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
Confidentiality of services
The Client is not allowed to record (full or any part of) screen, video or audio activity during the Career Consultation service delivery. The Company reserves the right to to take appropriate legal action against any Client disregarding the confidentiality terms. In this case the Client will not have the right for a refund.
Materials and service delivery: UN Internships Service
After making the purchase, the Client receives online access to the materials and ability to take advantage of the purchased services provided by the Company.
Materials access
The access to materials is grant for the period of 30 calendar days from the date of purchase. After that period the purchased package is considered as expired and the access to materials is no longer provided.
Copyright
Copyright and other relevant intellectual property rights exists on all materials provided as a part of the UN Internships service (including, but not limited to all text and artwork) is protected by copyright. The copyright is owned by us or if not otherwise stated.
You may view or download the UN Internships Service materials for private purposes, but you are not permitted, without our permission, to: store the UN Internships Service materials, or any part of the UN Internships Service materials, for any other purpose, print copies of the UN Internships Service materials, or any part of the UN Internships Service materials, for any other purpose, distribute, reproduce, copy or transmit the UN Internships Service materials, or any part of the UN Internships Service materials, in any way, for any other purpose or in any other medium.
All other rights which are not specifically granted are reserved.
The Company reserves the right to revoke the Client’s access to UN Internships Service materials, without prior notice, of any Client disregarding the copyright terms and to take appropriate legal action. In this case the Client will not have the right for a refund.
Confidentiality
The Client is not allowed to record (full or any part of) screen, video or audio activity during the “Mock interview and feedback” service delivery (included as a part of the UN Internships (Dominating) package).
The Company reserves the right to revoke the Client’s access to UN Internships Service materials, without prior notice, of any Client disregarding the confidentiality terms and to take appropriate legal action. In this case the Client will not have the right for a refund.
Notification of service delivery inquiry
It is the Client’s responsibility to notify the Company about the service delivery inquiry and about the preferred date and time for the “Mock interview and feedback” service delivery (included as a part of the UN Internships (Dominating) package). The notification should be made by sending an e-mail to [email protected].
In case no notification about the about the preferred date and time for the “Mock interview and feedback” service is received from the Client within 30 calendar days after making the purchase, this service is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
Cancellation and amendment
The date and time for the “Mock interview and feedback” service (included as a part of the UN Internships (Dominating) package) should be agreed and confirmed at least 3 working days before the interview takes place. Cancellation or amendment of the “Mock interview and feedback” service must be made at least 48 hours prior to the “Mock interview and feedback” service agreed start date and time. Cancellation or amendment made within 48 hours prior to the “Mock interview and feedback” service will incur a cancellation fee of USD 20.00 to be paid before scheduling the new date and time for the “Mock interview and feedback” service. In case the Client does not show-up for the “Mock interview and feedback” service at the agreed date and time, the “Mock interview and feedback” service is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
Provision of documents for service delivery
It is the Client’s responsibility to provide the documents needed for the Company’s service delivery. In particular, for “Application review and feedback” service (included as a part of the UN Internships (Standard, Advance, Dominating) packages), the Client is responsible for providing the application form as a PDF document via uploading it in the “My Account” section of this website. In case the application form is not uploaded by the Client within 30 days after making a purchase, the purchased package is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
In particular, for “Cover Letter review and feedback” service (included as a part of the UN Internships (Advance, Dominating) packages), the Client is responsible for providing the cover letter as a PDF document via uploading it in the “My Account” section of this website. In case the cover letter is not uploaded by the Client within 30 days after making a purchase, the purchased package is considered as expired and the Company is no longer responsible for providing the service. In this case no part of the purchased package fee is refunded by the Company.
Refunds and Cancellations
No refunds shall be offered, where a Service is deemed to have begun and is, for all intents and purposes, underway. Cancellations are not applicable for any services provided by the Company.
Clients purchasing “All inclusive” packages of the UN YPP Service should be aware that no part of the fee is refunded in case the client is not accepted (convoked) for the relevant United Nations Young Professionals Programme (YPP) examination stage (application, written examination, oral examination (interview)). Clients who purchased “All inclusive” packages and are not accepted (convoked) to take part in the YPP written examination stage may be refused the access to “Written exam preparation” and “Interview preparation” materials and services. Clients who purchase “All inclusive” packages and are not accepted (convoked) to take part in the YPP oral examination (interview) stage may be refused the access to “Interview preparation” materials and services.
The Company may at any time request documents confirming Client’s acceptance (convocation) to the relevant YPP examination stage. This inquiry will be send to the e-mail indicated by the Client at the time of the registration on this website. The Company has the right to refuse service delivery in case the Client has not provided the requested documents within 10 calendar days after the request was sent by the Company.
Availability
You are solely responsible for evaluating the fitness for a particular purpose of any downloads, programs and text available through this site. Redistribution or republication of any part of this site or its content is prohibited, including such by framing or other similar or any other means, without the express written consent of the Company. The Company does not warrant that the service from this site will be uninterrupted, timely or error free, although it is provided to the best ability. By using this service you thereby indemnify this Company, its employees, agents and affiliates against any loss or damage, in whatever manner, howsoever caused.
Links to this website
You may not create a link to any page of this website without our prior written consent. If you do create a link to a page of this website you do so at your own risk and the exclusions and limitations set out above will apply to your use of this website by linking to it.
Links from this website
We do not monitor or review the content of other party’s websites which are linked to from this website. Opinions expressed or material appearing on such websites are not necessarily shared or endorsed by us and should not be regarded as the publisher of such opinions or material. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices, or content, of these sites. We encourage our users to be aware when they leave our site & to read the privacy statements of these sites. You should evaluate the security and trustworthiness of any other site connected to this site or accessed through this site yourself, before disclosing any personal information to them. This Company will not accept any responsibility for any loss or damage in whatever manner, howsoever caused, resulting from your disclosure to third parties of personal information.
Copyright Notice
Copyright and other relevant intellectual property rights exists on all content of the website (including, but not limited to all text and artwork) is protected by copyright. The copyright is owned by us or if not otherwise stated.
You may view or download any part of the Site for private purposes, but you are not permitted, without our permission, to: store the Site, or any part of the Site, for any other purpose, print copies of the Site, or any part of the Site, for any other purpose, reproduce, copy or transmit the Site, or any part of the Site, in any way, for any other purpose or in any other medium.
All other rights which are not specifically granted are reserved.
Uploading material to the website
Other than personally identifiable information, which is covered under our Privacy Policy, any material you transmit or post to the Site shall be considered non-confidential and non-proprietary, subject to any other terms and conditions relating to publishing through the Site which are agreed with us. We shall have no obligations with respect to such material and we shall have the right to use, copy, distribute and disclose to third parties any such material for any purpose. We also have the right to disclose your identity to any third party who is claiming that any material posted or uploaded by you to the Site constitutes a violation of their intellectual property rights, or of their right to privacy.
You are prohibited from posting or transmitting to or from the Site any material:
-that is threatening, defamatory, obscene, indecent, seditious, offensive, pornographic, abusive, liable to incite racial hatred, discriminatory, menacing, scandalous, inflammatory, blasphemous, in breach of confidence, in breach of privacy or which may cause annoyance or inconvenience; or
-for which you have not obtained all necessary licences and/or approvals; or
-which constitutes or encourages conduct that would be considered a criminal offence, give rise to civil liability, or otherwise be contrary to the law of or infringe the rights of any third party, in the UK or any other country in the world; or
-which is technically harmful (including, without limitation, computer viruses, logic bombs, Trojan horses, worms, harmful components, corrupted data or other malicious software or harmful data).
You may not misuse the Site (including, without limitation, by hacking).
We have the right to remove any material or posting you make on the Site if, in our opinion, such material does not comply with the provisions set out above or for any other reason whatsoever. In addition, we shall fully co-operate with any law enforcement authorities or court order requesting or directing us to disclose the identity or locate anyone posting any material in breach of the provisions set out above.
Communication
We have several different e-mail addresses for different queries. These, & other contact information, can be found on our Contact Us link on our website or via Company literature or via the Company’s stated telephone, facsimile or mobile telephone numbers.
This company is registered in England and Wales, Number 9282308, registered office 7/10 Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, London W1G 9DQ, United Kingdom.
Force Majeure
Neither party shall be liable to the other for any failure to perform any obligation under any Agreement which is due to an event beyond the control of such party including but not limited to any Act of God, terrorism, war, Political insurgence, insurrection, riot, civil unrest, act of civil or military authority, uprising, earthquake, flood or any other natural or man made eventuality outside of our control, which causes the termination of an agreement or contract entered into, nor which could have been reasonably foreseen. Any Party affected by such event shall forthwith inform the other Party of the same and shall use all reasonable endeavours to comply with the terms and conditions of any Agreement contained herein.
Waiver
Failure of either Party to insist upon strict performance of any provision of this or any Agreement or the failure of either Party to exercise any right or remedy to which it, he or they are entitled hereunder shall not constitute a waiver thereof and shall not cause a diminution of the obligations under this or any Agreement. No waiver of any of the provisions of this or any Agreement shall be effective unless it is expressly stated to be such and signed by both Parties.
General
The laws of England and Wales govern these terms and conditions. By accessing this website and using our services you consent to these terms and conditions and to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts in all disputes arising out of such access. If any of these terms are deemed invalid or unenforceable for any reason (including, but not limited to the exclusions and limitations set out above), then the invalid or unenforceable provision will be severed from these terms and the remaining terms will continue to apply. Failure of the Company to enforce any of the provisions set out in these Terms and Conditions and any Agreement, or failure to exercise any option to terminate, shall not be construed as waiver of such provisions and shall not affect the validity of these Terms and Conditions or of any Agreement or any part thereof, or the right thereafter to enforce each and every provision. These Terms and Conditions shall not be amended, modified, varied or supplemented except in writing and signed by duly authorised representatives of the Company.
Notification of Changes
The Company reserves the right to change these conditions from time to time as it sees fit and your continued use of the site will signify your acceptance of any adjustment to these terms. If there are any changes to our privacy policy, we will revise the updated date at the bottom of this page. We encourage you to frequently check this page for any changes to stay informed about how we are helping to protect the personal information we collect. You acknowledge and agree that it is your responsibility to review this privacy policy periodically and become aware of modifications.
These terms and conditions form part of the Agreement between the Client and ourselves. Your accessing of this website and/or purchasing of our services indicates your understanding, agreement to and acceptance, of the Disclaimer Notice and the full Terms and Conditions contained herein. Your statutory Consumer Rights are unaffected.
© YPUN LTD 2015 All Rights Reserved
Revised on 25 November 2015